How to Relieve Bloating

Bloating is more than an occasional discomfort: It’s one of the most common digestive complaints.

“Bloating can be the result of the foods that we eat, as well as a symptom of underlying health conditions,” says Columbia gastroenterologistEllen Axenfeld, MD, who adds that bloating is frequently associated with a disorder called functional dyspepsia (an ongoing upset stomach without a clear cause).

Understanding what’s normal—and when to seek help—is the first step toward relief. Dr. Axenfeld explains what causes bloating and how to alleviate your discomfort.

What are the most common causes of bloating?

Bloating is a very typical symptom we see in gastroenterology. It can be uncomfortable and distressing, but it is rarely a sign of something dangerous.

Most bloating is caused by a functional gastrointestinal disorder (such as irritable bowel syndrome or functional constipation), diet, or a combination of both. More than half of patients who have a functional GI condition experience bloating.

Other possible causes include lactose intolerance, celiac disease, food intolerances, hormonal changes, stress, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).

Is constant bloating normal?

Bloating commonly occurs for brief periods after eating due to gas produced during normal digestion. Persistent bloating is less common, although it is usually related to benign conditions. Ongoing symptoms may need to be evaluated.

A gastroenterologist can look into your symptoms to help determine the cause.

When is it time to see a doctor about bloating?

You should see a gastroenterologist if bloating is accompanied by:

• Unintentional weight loss
• Visible blood in the stool
• Persistent vomiting
• New onset of symptoms after age 50
• A family history of gastrointestinal cancer, celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, or ulcerative colitis

How can I reduce bloating?

Unfortunately, there is no quick “de-bloating” fix.

The best way to prevent or decrease bloating is by altering your diet and eating habits. We know a low-FODMAP diet, which reduces fermentable carbohydrates that can produce excess gas, is extremely effective.

Other daily strategies for minimizing bloating include:

• Walking or light exercise to promote gas movement
• Peppermint oil, which has properties that can alleviate muscle spasms in abdominal organs
• In addition, those who suffer from recurrent sensitivities should pay attention to what they consume so they can identify what triggers their symptoms.

Ellen Axenfeld, MD, is a gastroenterologist who specializes in inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. She also treats patients with a range of general gastroenterology conditions.