Ankle Sprain

Ankle sprains occur when the ligaments that support the ankle stretch or tear. Repeated sprains can weaken the ankle and cause ankle instability, where the ankle frequently gives way, particularly during activity. Early and appropriate treatment is key to preventing long-term issues with stability.

What Causes Ankle Sprains?

Ankle sprains are among the most common injuries, especially in athletes and active individuals. Causes include:

• Rolling or twisting the ankle during sports or walking on uneven surfaces
• Weak or previously injured ligaments
• Improper footwear
• Inadequate warm-up before physical activity

What Are the Symptoms?

• Pain, especially on the outside of the ankle
• Swelling and bruising
• Limited range of motion
• A feeling of the ankle “giving out” or being unstable
• Repeated ankle sprains over time

How Are Ankle Sprains Diagnosed?

To properly diagnose an ankle sprain, your doctor will use:

• A physical exam to check tenderness, swelling, and range of motion
• A review of your symptoms and medical history
• X-rays to rule out fractures
• MRI or ultrasound when needed

How Are Ankle Sprains Treated?

Treatment depends on severity. Mild sprains often heal with rest, while severe or recurring sprains may require more intensive care.

Nonsurgical Treatments

• Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation (RICE)
• Ankle braces or supports
• Physical therapy to strengthen muscles and improve balance
• Anti-inflammatory medications
• Activity modification

Surgical Treatments

When nonsurgical treatments don’t provide relief or when instability persists, surgery may be the best option. Procedures include:

• Ligament repair: Tightening or stitching torn ligaments back together
• Ligament reconstruction: Replacing damaged ligaments with tendons from another area
• Arthroscopy: Minimally invasive surgery to clean out the joint or assess ligament damage

What Are the Risks for Surgery?

Like any surgery, surgical treatment for an ankle sprain comes with risks, including:

• Infection
• Nerve injury
• Stiffness or reduced range of motion
• Recurrent instability

What Is Recovery Like?

• Initial recovery includes rest and limited movement with a cast or boot
• Physical therapy typically starts after a few weeks
• Return to full activity can take 3 to 6 months, depending on the procedure

What Is the Outlook for Ankle Sprain/Instability Surgery?

Most patients regain stability and return to normal activities. Surgery has high success rates when combined with a proper rehabilitation and recovery plan.