Elbow Replacement Surgery

Elbow replacement surgery (also known as total elbow arthroplasty) is a procedure that replaces the damaged parts of the elbow joint with artificial components made of metal and plastic. This surgery can relieve pain, restore movement, and help you return to daily activities when other treatments haven’t provided relief.

Why Would I Have Elbow Replacement Surgery?

Elbow replacement surgery is typically recommended for patients with severe joint damage that causes chronic pain, stiffness, or loss of function. This damage can result from arthritis, injury, or a complex fracture that cannot be repaired.

You may be a candidate for elbow replacement if you have:

• Rheumatoid arthritis: Inflammation that destroys cartilage and bone in the joint
• Osteoarthritis: Wear-and-tear arthritis that causes bone-on-bone friction
• Post-traumatic arthritis: Joint deterioration following injury or fracture
• Complex or non-healing fractures of the humerus or ulna
• Failed previous elbow surgery
• Severe stiffness or deformity that limits the use of the arm

How Can This Surgery Help Me?

By replacing the damaged parts of your elbow with smooth, durable implants, elbow replacement surgery can:

• Eliminate or significantly reduce pain
• Restore flexibility and motion
• Improve strength and stability
• Allow you to return to daily activities such as eating and getting dressed

Many patients experience major improvement in function and quality of life following surgery.

What Type of Anesthesia Is Used?

Elbow replacement surgery is typically performed using regional anesthesia (a nerve block), which numbs the arm while you remain in a light, “twilight” sleep.

What Are the Risks?

As with any surgery, elbow replacement carries potential risks, including:

• Bleeding or infection
• Nerve or blood vessel injury
• Anesthesia complications
• Stiffness or limited range of motion
• Loosening or wear of the implant over time
• Instability or dislocation of the new joint
• Fracture around the implant
• Need for revision surgery in the future

Your surgeon will discuss your individual risk factors and how to reduce them before and after surgery.

What Will My Recovery Involve?

Recovery after elbow replacement is gradual and carefully managed to protect the new joint while regaining motion and strength.

Typical recovery steps include:

• Immobilization: Your arm will be in a splint or brace for several weeks.
• Physical Therapy: Gentle exercises begin shortly after surgery to restore movement.
• Restrictions: You’ll need to avoid lifting or pushing heavy objects during the healing phase.

How Long Does Recovery Take?

Most patients recover functional use of their arm within 3 to 4 months, although full recovery may take up to 6 months. Your specific recovery timeline will depend on your age, overall health, and commitment to rehabilitation.

Because elbow implants are more delicate than hip or knee replacements, your surgeon may recommend permanent lifting limits (for example, no more than 5–10 pounds regularly) to protect the joint.

What Improvements Can I Expect?

After successful surgery and rehabilitation, most patients experience:

• Dramatic pain relief
• Improved flexibility and strength
• Greater ease with daily activities
• Better overall arm function and comfort

Studies show that over 90% of elbow replacements provide excellent pain relief and lasting results for 10 to 15 years or longer.

What Are My Alternative Treatment Options?

Your orthopedic specialist will discuss all available options to help you choose the treatment that’s right for you.

Nonsurgical Treatments

• Physical or occupational therapy
• Anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs)
• Corticosteroid injections for inflammation
• Activity modification
• Braces for immobilization
• Pain management techniques

Surgical Treatments

• Elbow arthroscopy: A minimally invasive procedure to clean out loose cartilage or bone spurs.
• Elbow fusion (arthrodesis): Fuses the bones together for stability in rare cases when replacement isn’t possible.

What Is the Outlook for Elbow Replacement Surgery?

Elbow replacement surgery has a high success rate, providing long-term pain relief and restored motion for most patients. With proper care, modern replacements can last more than a decade. Following your surgeon’s guidance on activity restrictions and therapy is key to maintaining your results.