Meniscus Tear

A meniscus tear is an injury to the cartilage in your knee joint that helps absorb shock and stabilize the joint. A tear can happen during physical activity or due to aging and wear and tear. Meniscus injuries can range from minor frays to major tears that require surgery.

What Causes a Meniscus Tear?

A meniscus tear can be caused by sudden twisting of the knee, heavy impact or trauma, or even gradual wear and tear. It's a common injury, especially for athletes.

What Are the Symptoms?

• Difficulty straightening your knee
• Knee locking in place
• Joint giving way
• Pain
• Popping sensation
• Stiffness
• Swelling

How Is a Meniscus Tear Diagnosed?

To diagnose a meniscus tear, your orthopedic specialist will:

• Perform a physical exam of the knee
• Review your medical history, symptoms, and how the injury happened
• Use imaging tests like an X-ray or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to confirm the diagnosis

How Is a Meniscus Tear Treated?

Nonsurgical Treatments

For many people, a meniscus tear can be managed with conservative treatments. Common approaches include:

• Pain medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce pain and inflammation.
• Rest and ice therapy: Reducing activity and applying ice can help with healing.
• Physical therapy and exercises: Strengthening muscles and improving flexibility can help with recovery and prevent re-injury.
• Bracing and support: A knee brace can stabilize the joint and help prevent further damage.
• Injections: Advanced biologics can promote healing.

Surgical Treatments

When a meniscus tear leads to persistent pain, instability, or loss of function, surgical intervention may be necessary. Common surgical procedures include:

• Arthroscopic meniscus repair: This procedure stitches the torn meniscus back together.
• Meniscectomy: A partial or total meniscus removal may help eliminate painful symptoms.
• Meniscus transplantation: Donor tissue is transplanted to improve knee function and restore cushioning.

What Are the Risks?

Like any surgical procedure, meniscus repair surgery carries some risks, including:

• Bleeding
• Blood clots
• Infection
• Instability
• Stiffness or loss of motion
• Pain
• Potential arthritis development

What Does Recovery Involve?

Recovery instructions will depend on how your meniscus was treated. Typical recovery from surgery includes:

• Ice and elevation of the knee and lower leg
• Medication for pain management
• Physical therapy
• Reduced weight-bearing activity

How Long Does Recovery Take?

Recovery time depends on several factors, including your overall health, age, and adherence to your rehabilitation program. Recovery times for different types of surgery vary:

• Meniscectomy: 4-6 weeks
• Meniscus repair: 3-6 months
• Meniscus transplantation: 6-12 months

What Is the Outlook for Meniscus Tear Surgery?

Surgery can significantly improve knee function and reduce pain for patients with severe symptoms. Most people fully recover after meniscus tear treatment and return to normal activities. Early treatment and proper rehabilitation can prevent long-term knee damage.